25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-01:并列句(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.句子类型:
一、简单句
二、复合句
三、并列句
➢2.并列句包括以下几种情形:
1.句间并列
2.句中并列
具体解析如下:
1.句间并列
• I love the apple and Black Widow loves the banana.
译文:我爱苹果,黑寡妇爱香蕉。
2.句中并列
• I love the apple and the banana.
译文:我喜欢苹果和香蕉。
• I love the apple and hate the banana.
译文:我喜欢苹果,讨厌香蕉。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-01:并列句(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
• In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
1.单词——
……略。
2.分析语法结构——
(In the American economy), the concept (of private property) embraces not only the ownership (of productive resources) but also certain rights, (including the right < to determine the price of a product> or < to make a free contract with another private individual>. )
分析:
句首的In the American economy 为状语,整个句子的主语是the concept,谓语动词是embraces,后面的宾语用 not only… but also…连接,后面是 including…作定语修饰前面的rights,包含or 连接的 to determine 和to make 构成并列。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
在美国的经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权,还包含某些权利,包括决定产品价格以及和另外一个私人个体签订自由合同(自由合作)的权利。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-4b1ead76-a4a0ce4d-26bf58a3-3b6d3c1d-b0ad0ac8.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-01:并列句(2实战-分析句子2)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
• In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
1.单词——
1)patent [ˈpætnt] n. 专利;专利品;专利证;v. 授予专利,获得专利;adj. 专利的;显著的;公开的
2)peer [pɪr] n. 同龄人,同行,同等地位的人;v. 凝视;看见;匹配
[拓展] peer pressure 同辈压力,同侪压力
[拓展] peer review 同行审查
2.分析语法结构——
(In addition,) the computer programs [(that) a company uses to estimate relationships] may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
分析:
a company uses to estimate relationships 是省略引导词的定语从句,修饰主语the computer programs,and 连接两个并列的谓语。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
此外,公司用来评估关系的电脑程序可能被授予专利,因此也就不接受同行的审查以及外界的评价。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-d1d0bfc3-c52fdc91-1f694938-2957506f-b27ff24a.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-01:并列句(2实战-分析句子3)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20
th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
• We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
1.单词——
1)be removed from 和…有距离;远离
2)ornament [ˈɔː rnəmənt] n. 装饰;修饰
3)dirt-cheap 贱入尘土、很便宜
4)arts criticism 艺术评论
2.分析语法结构——
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews (published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II), at a time [定语从句when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament (to the publications) (in which it appeared)].
分析:
该句的主干部分为We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews,published in England World War II 为 reviews 的后置定语。
at a time 是前面 between the World War II 的同位语,后面是when 引导的用于修饰time的定语从句和which 引导的用于修饰publications 的定语从句。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
我们和于二十世纪初和二战前夕期间在英国出版的不集中的报刊评论相距甚远,在那时新闻印刷非常便宜,并且时髦的艺术评论被认为是对于刊登它(它出现)的出版物的一种装饰。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-81d4b574-9ee1af84-7be7189e-5f060858-631d73d4.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-02:倒装句(1解析1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.倒装句定义:
定义:和5种简单句的基本结构的任何一种语序都不一致!
There is an apple.
→ 正常语序:An apple is there.
倒装分为:完全倒装(实义动词提前)和部分倒装(助动词、情态动词等提前)。
➢2.倒装句类型:
倒装句包括以下几种情形:
一、完全倒装(3种)
1.以某些副词引出的倒装句。(完全倒装)
(1)以here,there,then,now,next等副词引出的倒装句。
(2)以表示方位的副词(up/down/off/in/out等)引出的倒装句。
2.以表地点的介词短语(prep + n)引出的倒装句。(完全倒装)
3.表语置于句首,强调表语或保持句子平衡时。(完全倒装)
二、部分倒装(9种)
★ 1.公式:否定词 + 助动词 + 主谓宾(部分倒装)
★ 2.only 置于句首。(部分倒装)
3.so…that中so或such…that中such位于句首时。(部分倒装)
4. Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than连接并列分句。(部分倒装)
5.as/though 引导让步状语从句。(表示强调。尽管……)(部分倒装)
6.neither…nor连接并列分句时(连接主语时不倒装)。(部分倒装)
7.So, neither, nor位于句首的部分倒装。(部分倒装)
8.表示祝愿的祈使句中。(部分倒装)
9.在虚拟条件句中,连词 if 省略时,即将 were, had, should 等词提到句首。(部分倒装)
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-02:倒装句(1解析2)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢(一)完全倒装/全部倒装(实义动词提前。3种)
1.以某些副词引出的倒装句。(完全倒装)
方法:副词+谓语+主语。
(1)以here,there,then,now,next等副词引出的倒装句。
Here comes the special guest of the party.
(正常语序:The special guest of the party comes here.)
译文:晚会的特邀嘉宾来了。
There seem to be many beautiful girls in the university.
译文:大学里似乎有许多漂亮的女孩。
(2)以表示方位的副词(up/down/off/in/out等)引出的倒装句。
例1:Off went the horse.
(正常语序:The horse went off.)
译文:马跑了。
例2:Down fell a dozen apples.
(正常语序:A dozen apples fell down.)
译文:一打苹果掉了下来。
注意:当主语为代词时不用倒装。
方法:副词+主语+谓语。
Down it fell.(√)
Down fell it.(×)
2.以表地点的介词短语(prep + n)引出的倒装句。(完全倒装)
方法:介词短语+谓语+主语。
例1:At the school gate stood an old woman.
(正常语序:An old woman stood at the school gate.)
译文:在学校门口站着一位老太太。
例2:Under the tree are sitting some students.
(正常语序:Some students are sitting under the tree.)
译文:在树下坐着一些学生。
例3:On the bed lay a big teddy bear.
(正常语序:A big teddy bear lay on the bed.)
译文:在床上躺着一只大泰迪熊。
注意:当主语为代词时不用倒装。
方法:主语+谓语+介词短语。
She stood at the school gate.(√)
At the school gate stood she.(×)
3.表语置于句首,强调表语或保持句子平衡时。(完全倒装)
方法:形容词/ed分词/-ing分词/介词短语+be+主语。
(1)形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
(3)介词+连系动词+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-02:倒装句(1解析3)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢(二)部分倒装(助动词、情态动词等提前。9种)
★ 1.公式:否定词 + 助动词 + 主谓宾(部分倒装)
否定词举例:never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, not until, at no time, not once, not, no, in no time, in no way, not a moment, by no means, under no circumstances……
方法:倒装主句。
例1:Never have I seen such a good scientist.
译文:我从来没有见过这么好一个科学家。
例2:Not a moment did he waste on campus.
译文:他一刻都没有浪费在校园里的时光。
(拓展:在校园里:on campus 在校外:off campus)
例3:By no means should she be left alone.
译文:她绝对不应该被单独留下。
例4:Under no circumstances will I believe you.
译文:无论任何情况下我都不会相信你的话。
例5:Under no circumstances will I believe in you.
译文:无论任何情况下我都不会信任你。
例6:Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
例7:Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意:如果否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
★ 2.only 置于句首。(部分倒装)
方法:倒装主句(only + 状语 + 助动词 + 主谓宾)。
状语可以是:副词、介词短语、状语从句
例1:Only in this way will/can we succeed/make it/make a difference. (介词短语)
译文:只有这样我们才能成功。
例2:Only through our combined efforts will our country be better and better. (介词短语)
译文:只有通过共同的努力,我们的国家才能越来越好。
例3:Only slowly/gradually will you truly know a person. (副词)
译文:只有慢慢地/逐渐地,你才能真正了解一个人。
例4:Only if you are with me can I have the sense of security. (状语从句)
译文:只有和你在一起,我才能有安全感。
强调:only修饰主语位于句首时不倒装。
3.so…that中so或such…that中such位于句首时。(部分倒装)
方法:倒装主句。
例1:So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他吓得连一步也不敢动。
例2:Such a good boy is he that he is always ready to help. = So good a boy is he that he is always ready to help.
他是个好男孩,总是乐于助人。
例3:Such a difficult question did I find it is that I can't work it out.
(把 I find it is such a difficult question that...的谓词find倒装过来)
我发现这道题太难了,以致于我答不出来。
【拓展】so+adj+that,such+n+that。(不要混淆)
4. Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than连接并列分句。(部分倒装)
方法:前倒后不倒。(连接主语时不倒装)
例1:Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
他不仅拒绝了礼物,还严厉批评了送礼的人。
例2:Hardly/Scarcely had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她刚出门就有个学生来看她。
例3:No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
她刚一出去,就有一个学生来看她。
注意:只有当Not only…but also连接两个并列分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构(前倒后不倒)。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构(连接主语时不倒装)。
• Not only you but also I am fond of music.(不倒装)
不仅你而且我也喜欢音乐。
5.as/though 引导让步状语从句。(表示强调。尽管……)(部分倒装)
although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装,though也可以不倒装。
方法:倒装状语从句。(形容词/名词/动名词+as/though+系动词/助动词/情态动词)
• Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.
(正常语序:As he is rich, he spends a cent on charity.)
译文:尽管他很富有,但他基本没有花钱去做慈善。
• Try as/though he does, he never seems able to get a high score in the exams.
(正常语序:Though/As he tries, he never seems able to get a high score in the exams.)
译文:尽管他尝试了,但他似乎从未能够在考试中获得高分。
否定含义:a cent/little/few/hardly/never
6.neither…nor连接并列分句时(连接主语时不倒装)。(部分倒装)
方法:(一般情况下)前后都倒。
(1)neither...nor连接两个句子时,通常两个句子都要用倒装式。如:
例1:Neither has he done it, nor will he do it. 他没有做过这事,他以后也不会做这事。(张道真《英语语法大全》)
例2:Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。(《现代英汉综合大辞典》)
(2)但有时也可见到只倒装 nor 后面句子的例子,如:
Neither Peter wanted the responsibility, nor did his wife. 彼得不想担此责任,他妻子也不想担此责任。(《薄冰实用英语语法详解》)
7.So, neither, nor位于句首的部分倒装。(部分倒装)
(1)so位于句首,表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装(即:表示前句的肯定内容也同样适用于后一个人或物)。(只能是肯定句,且前后两句主语不同)
方法:so+助动词+主语。
• Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
汤姆会说法语。杰克也会。
特别说明:
① 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如:
• You aren't young and neither am I.
你不年轻,我也不年轻。
• She hasn't read it and nor have I.
她没有读它,我也没有读。
例3:Mary never does any reading in the evening, nor does John.
玛丽从不在晚上读书,约翰也不。
② 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。
区分技巧:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不能用倒装结构,意为“的确如此”。如:
例1:Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
汤姆要我去踢足球,我就去了。
例2:—It's raining hard. —So it is.
—这雨下得很大。—的确很大。
例3:—“It was cold yesterday.”“昨天很冷。”
—“So it was.”“的确很冷。”
例4:— Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
—So she did, and so did I.
—麦琪在聚会上玩得很开心。
—她是这样做的,我也是。
例5:—Father, you promised!
—Well, so I did. But it was you who didn't keep your word first.
—父亲,你答应!
—嗯,我是这么做的。但首先是你没有信守诺言。
(2)neither、nor位于句首,表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装(即:表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人/物)。(只能用于否定句,且前后两句主语不同)
方法:neither/nor+助动词+主语。
• If you won't go, neither will I.
译文:如果你不去,我也不去。
8.表示祝愿的祈使句中。(部分倒装)
方法:副词+谓语+主语,may+主语+谓语。
• May you all be happy.
译文:祝你们都快乐。
9.在虚拟条件句中,连词 if 省略时,即将 were, had, should 等词提到句首。(部分倒装)
• Were I you, I would take this chance.
(正常语序:If I were you, I would take this chance.)
译文:如果我是你,我就会抓住这个机会。
• Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.
(正常语序:If he should come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.)
settle the problem:解决问题
译文:如果他明天来,他会帮助我们解决这个问题。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-02:倒装句(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
• Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
1.单词——
1)consequence [ˈkɑːnsɪkwens] n. 结果,结论;推论
2)plausible [ˈplɔːzəbl] adj. 貌似可信的
3)respected idea 公认的观点
同:shared idea/accepted idea
4)particle [ˈpɑːrtɪkl] n. 粒子
5)elementary [ˌelɪˈmentri] adj. 基础的
6)be convinced that 相信
2.分析语法结构——
Odd though it sounds (Though it sounds odd), cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence (of some respected ideas) (in elementary-particle physics), and many astrophysicists have been convinced (for the better part of a decade) that it is true.
分析:
句首的 Odd though it sounds 为倒装句,为了强调“odd”;
of some respected ideas 为介短修饰consequence;
in elementary-particle physics 为介短修饰ideas;
and 连接并列句, 后面的that 引导宾语从句。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
尽管听起来很奇怪,但是宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论,并且许多天体物理学家在近十年来已经相信它是正确的。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-39a3158b-9723c0a1-ca10fe44-2301caad-44a90c0f.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-03:虚拟语气(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.概念:
虚拟语气,概念:睁眼说瞎话!
➢2.类型:
虚拟语气包括以下几种情形:
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟。
If + did/were + …, would/should/could/might + do (动词原形)
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟。
If + had done …, would (might) have done … 本应该…
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟。
(1)If + should + v …, would + v. (可能性很小)(译作“万一”)
(2)If + did/were to + v …, would + v. (完全不可能)
4.其他情况
(1)下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,should 可以省略,即:(should) + v.
此类常见的动词有:order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议), insist, advise 等。
(2)下列名词后的“同位语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,should 可以省略,即:(should) + v.
此类常见的名词有:suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
(3)It is/was important/necessary/natural/essential/advisable/strange/surprising/preferable + that +主语+ should +v. (should 不能省略)
(4)wish 后的宾语从句中,as if 后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式:
主 + wish+ (that) /as if (希望、好像)+ 主 + had done(指过去)、did/were(指现在)、would+ v.(指将来)
(5)It is (high) time that … + did/were …
(6)主 + would rather that … + did/were …(表示现在的虚拟)
(7)主 + would sooner that … + did/were …(表示现在的虚拟)
具体解析如下:
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟。
If + did/were + …, would/should/could/might + do (动词原形)
• If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)
译文:如果我是你,我就马上出国。
• If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)
译文:如果他现在知道了,他就能帮助我了。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟。
If + had done …, would (might) have done … 本应该…
• If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.
(I didn't know your telephone number.)
译文:如果我要是在昨天知道你的电话号码,我本应该就给你打电话了。
• If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
译文:如果你刚才早一点到这里来,你本应该遇到她。
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟。
(1)If + should + v …, would + v. (可能性很小)(译作“万一”)
• If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
译文:万一明天下雨,你可以呆在家里。
(2)If + did/were to + v …, would + v. (完全不可能)
• If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
译文:如果太阳从西边出来,我就借给你钱。
• If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
译文:如果你能在3分钟内完成,我就把车给你。
4.其他情况
(1)下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,should 可以省略,即:(should) + v.
此类常见的动词有:order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议), insist, advise 等。
suggest [səˈdʒest] v. 暗示,表明;建议(+虚拟语气)
• He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
译文:他建议我们应该帮助他们学习英语。
• The scientist ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
译文:科学家命令家庭作业应该在半小时内完成。
(2)下列名词后的“同位语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,should 可以省略,即:(should) + v.
此类常见的名词有:suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
• He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.
译文:他建议我们应该有一个化装舞会。
• I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.
译文:我认为应该尽快完成这件事是很重要的。
(3)It is/was important/necessary/natural/essential/advisable/strange/surprising/preferable + that +主语+ should +v. (should 不能省略)
• It is strange that you should say such a thing.
译文:你竟然说出这样的话来,真奇怪。
• It was important that you should tell me all the information.
译文:很重要的是你应该告诉我所有的信息。
(4)wish 后的宾语从句中,as if 后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式:
主 + wish+ (that)/as if (希望、好像)+ 主 + did/were(指现在)、had done(指过去)、would+ v.(指将来)
• I wish (that) I met my uncle now.
译文:我希望现在能见到我叔叔。
• I wish I had studied hard.
译文:我希望我过去可以好好学习。
• I wish I would marry Black Widow.
译文:我希望我能娶黑寡妇。
• I wish I would be younger and younger.
译文:我希望我会越来越年轻。
(5)It is (high) time that … + did/were …
• It is time that you went to bed.
译文:是时候你该睡觉了。
• It is time that you studied English hard.
译文:是时候你该努力学习英语了。
(6)主 + would rather that … + did/were …(表示现在的虚拟)
• I would rather that you were not here now.
译文:我宁愿你现在不在这里。
(7)主 + would sooner that … + did/were …(表示现在的虚拟)
• I would sooner that you were not my brother.
译文:我宁愿你不是我的兄弟。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-03:虚拟语气(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
• For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
1.单词——
1)compensate [ˈkɑːmpenseɪt] v. 补偿,弥补
2)inequality [ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti] n. 不平等
3)underprivileged [ˌʌndərˈprɪvəlɪdʒd] adj. 无特权的,物质条件差的
4)favorable [ˈfeɪvərəbl] adj. 好的
[拓展] desirable [dɪˈzaɪərəbl] adj. 好的
5)circumstance [ˈsɜːrkəmstæns] n. 环境
6)GDP = gross domestic product 国内生产总值
[拓展] gross 总的,总体的
2.分析语法结构——
For example, they do not compensate (for gross social inequality), and thus do not tell [宾语从句how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he (if he had) grown up (under more favorable circumstances).]
分析:
for gross social inequality 为状语修饰compensate;
do not tell 后面是一个 how 引导的包含虚拟语气的宾语从句,并且虚拟语气使用了倒装,省略了if。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
例如,它们并不能对总体的社会不平等做出弥补,并且因此也就不能说明如果一个物质条件差的年轻人要是在一个更好的环境下成长的话可能会有多大的能力。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-af3de657-b9115277-eafa4553-cc89dcb7-32352743.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-04:插入结构(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.“插入语”的形式:
单词,词组,句子!!!
➢2.“插入语”的特点:
1)不影响整个句子的结构;
2)往往是需要独立翻译:最前面,最后面。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-04:插入结构(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
• But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
1.单词——
无。
2.分析语法结构——
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way (to go) [原因状语从句since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not].
分析:
句子的主干为professional training might be the way,to go 为动词不定式作后置定语;
since 引导原因状语从句;
between having a job and not 为后置定语;
两个插入结构 for a small……和all other 均为状语。
X is the difference between A and B. (老外常用的结构)译文:X是……的关键。
例句:The testing skill is the difference between being admitted to the graduate school and not.
译文:考试技巧是被研究生学院录取与否的关键。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
但是对于一小部分学生来说,职业训练可能就是应该走的一条路,因为在其它因素相等的情况下,熟练的技能可能会成为能否找到工作的关键。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-057d4865-c0a577e1-4d9ad2e3-1c8443aa-d652b5be.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-05:强调结构(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.类型:
强调结构包括以下几种情形:
1.强调句:It is/was……that/who……
2.very + 名词,表示对于名词的强调(very:正是)
3.do/does/did + 动词,表示对于动词的强调。
4.on earth + 问题(译为“究竟,到底”),表示对于问题的强调。
5.倒装句可以表强调。
具体解析如下:
1.强调句:It is/was……that/who……
问:如何识别强调句和主语从句?
去掉该结构,看其余部分能否构成一个完整的句子。如果能,则为强调句,反之则不是。
It is/was…A…that/who…B…
总结:看到it is就找that,然后分析是强调句还是主语从句。
分析:
(1)that + 不完整的句子:强调句(去掉结构之后就是一个完整的句子)
(2)that + 完整的句子:强调句(因为前面被强调的部分可能是状语) 或者 主语从句
例句:
• It is my honor that I can teach you. (It 作形式主语,that 引导主语从句)
译文:我能教你是我的荣幸。
• It is Iron Man that is teaching me. (强调句!)
译文:正是钢铁侠在教我。
• It is in Beijing that I met you. (强调句!强调地点状语)
译文:我正是在北京见过你。
2.very + 名词(表示对于名词的强调)(very:正是)
例句:
• This is the very book that I mentioned last time.
译文:这正是我上次提到的那本书。
• Black Widow is the very girl that I have been looking for.
译文:黑寡妇正是我一直在找的那个女孩。
拓展——very的“用法”:
(1)very后面跟的是形容词或副词时:very + adj.] adv. ,译为“非常”;
(2)very后面跟的是名词:very + 名词, 译为“正是”,表对名词的强调。
3.do/does/did + 动词(表示对于动词的强调)
I love you.
例句:
• I do love you.
译文:我真的爱你。
• She does love you.
译文:她真的爱你。
• I did love you.
译文:我真的爱过你。
4.on earth + 问题(译为“究竟,到底”),表示对于问题的强调。
What are you doing?
• What on earth are you doing?
译文:你究竟在做什么?
5.倒装句可以表强调。
• Anything is possible.
Nothing is impossible. → Impossible is nothing.
译文:一切皆有可能。
An apple is there. → There is an apple.
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-05:强调结构(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
• Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
1.单词——
无。
2.分析语法结构——
Thus, (in the American economic system) it is the demand (of individual consumers), coupled with the desire (of businessmen) (to maximize profits) and the desire (of individuals) (to maximize their incomes) that together determine [what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.]
分析:
1)句首的in the American economic system为地点状语;
2)后面是一个强调句式 it is……that……。即:
看到it is就找that,然后分析是强调句还是主语从句。
分析:
(1)that + 不完整的句子:强调句
(2)that + 完整的句子:强调句(因为前面被强调的部分可能是状语) 或者 主语从句
3)coupled with 为后置定语修饰demand;
4)what 和how 引导并列的宾语从句。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
因此,在美国的经济体系中,正是个体消费者的需求,再加上商人最大化利润以及个人最大化收入的愿望,就共同决定了什么应该被生产(应该生产什么)以及生产资源应该如何被使用来生产它们(应该如何使用资源来生产它们)。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-cc2f401b-e902de03-840e8e95-3ff41af9-01ed37c3.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-06:否定结构(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.类型:
否定结构包括以下几种情形:
(1)部分否定
(只要表全部意义的词和not连用,不管位置如何,都是部分否定!)
(1)双重否定(词本无意,意由境生)
(1)几乎否定hardly/barely/little/few/seldom……
具体解析如下:
1.部分否定
(只要表全部意义的词和not连用,不管位置如何,都是部分否定!)
例句:
• Not everyone is kind. = Everyone is not kind.
译文:并非每个人都很善良。
• No one is kind.
译文:每个人都不善良。
• Not both of them are my brothers.= Both of them are not my brothers.
译文:并非它们两个人都是我的兄弟。
• Neither of them is my brother.
译文:他们两个人都不是我的兄弟。
• All is not gold that glitters.= All that glitters is not gold.= Not all that glitters is gold.
译文:并非所有发光的东西都是金子。
All is well. 都挺好。
2.双重否定(词本无意,意由境生)
• Impossible is nothing.
译文:没什么不可能的。/一切皆有可能。
• can't do nothing 无能为力
双重否定分为三种:
肯定型:
• There are no roses without thorns.
译文:所有的玫瑰都是带刺的。
强调型:
• I just can't do nothing.
译文:我无能为力。
委婉型:
• I can't hardly read your handwriting.
译文:我很难认识你写的字。/认识你写的字有点困难。
3.几乎否定hardly/barely/little/few/seldom……
例句:
• She is barely right.
译文:她很难是正确的。/她不正确。
• I seldom got any sleep last night.
译文:我昨天晚上基本没怎么睡着。
• Few people can understand why he did it.
译文:几乎没有人理解他为什么这么做。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-07:比较结构(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
➢1.类型:
比较结构包括以下几种情形:
1.no/not…other than = nothing else than = only 只有
2.the比较级……,the比较级…… 越……,越……
3.rather A than B 宁愿A 而不是 B
4.more than 多于(跟数字),不仅仅(跟实词)
no more than 不多于,仅仅
5.less than 少于(跟数字),仅仅(跟实词)
no less than 不少于,不仅仅
6.more A than B 肯定A 否定B(A更好)
no more A than B 否定A 否定B(都不好)
7. less A than B 否定A 肯定B(B更好)
no less A than B 肯定A 肯定B(AB都好)
8. as much as 和……一样多;像……一样;多达……
9. not as A as B 不如……那样
10. not so much A as B 与其说A 倒不如说B
具体解析如下:
1.no/not…other than = nothing else than = only 只有
• No animals other than monkey can have this ability.
译文:只有猴子有这种能力。
• Nothing else than studying can make me feel good.
译文:只有学习可以让我感觉很棒。
2.the比较级……,the比较级…… 越……,越……
• the faster, the better 越快越好
• the more, the better 越多越好
• The more your friends are, the better your life is.
译文:你的朋友越多,你的生活越好。
3.rather A than B 宁愿A 而不是 B
4.more than 多于(跟数字),不仅仅(跟实词)
• There are more than 200 majors in my school.
译文:我们学校有多于200个专业。
• Iron Man is more than a scientist.
译文:钢铁侠不仅仅是一个科学家。
no more than 不多于,仅仅
• There are no more than 200 majors in my school.
译文:我们学校不多于200个专业。
• Iron Man is no more than a scientist.
译文:钢铁侠仅仅是一个科学家。
5.less than 少于(跟数字),仅仅(跟实词)
• There are less than 200 majors in my school.
译文:我们学校有少于200个专业。
• Iron Man is less than a scientist.
译文:钢铁侠仅仅是一个科学家。
no less than 不少于,不仅仅
• There are no less than 200 majors in my school.
译文:我们学校不少于200个专业。
• Iron Man is no less than a scientist.
译文:钢铁侠不仅仅是一个科学家。
6.more A than B 肯定A 否定B(A更好)
• Sister Feng is more smart than beautiful.
译文:凤姐更多的是聪明而不是漂亮。
no more A than B 否定A 否定B(都不好)
• Iron Man is no more handsome than smart.
译文:钢铁侠既不帅也不聪明。
7. less A than B 否定A 肯定B(B更好)
• Sister Furong is less smart than beautiful.
译文:芙蓉姐姐更多的是漂亮而不是聪明。
no less A than B 肯定A 肯定B(AB都好)
• Black Widow is no less smart than beautiful.
译文:黑寡妇既聪明又漂亮。
8. as much as 和…… 一样多;像……一样;多达……
• I love you as much as you love me.
译文:我爱你和你爱我是一样的。
• We are in the dark as much as you are.
译文:我们蒙在鼓里就像你们蒙在鼓里是一样的。
9. not as A as B 不如……那样
• This book is not as interesting as I think.
译文:这本书没有我想的那么有趣。
10. not so much A as B 与其说A 倒不如说B
• He is not so much a scientist as a friend.
译文:与其说他是科学家,不如说他是朋友。
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-07:比较结构(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
• They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
1.单词——
无。
2.分析语法结构——
They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems [which involve moral judgment.]
分析:
本句开头并列句中包含一个比较结构 more than;
后面which引导定语从句修饰human problems。
make reflections on 对…进行反思
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文:
他们可能教得很好,并且也不仅仅是为了赚钱,但是他们中的大多数人几乎没有或根本就没有对和道德判断相关的人类问题做出独立的反思。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
……
[sound:youdao-d6c7426d-f76223fe-5ca4a548-51b3b9a0-66f87c0c.mp3]
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-08:省略结构(1解析)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型
1.省略结构:
(1)注意识别;
(2)学会补全(必要时)。
2.类型:
意思省略,结构省略!
25梳成语法·3
☞进阶语法3-08:省略结构(2实战-分析句子1)第三章 进阶语法第三节 复杂语法句型However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
• However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
1.单词——
无。
2.分析语法结构——
However, it has been found [that even people (insensitive to a certain smell at first) can suddenly become sensitive to it <when they are exposed to it often enough.>]
分析:
that 引导主语从句;
insensitive to a 为形容词短语作后置定语;
后面的 when 引导时间状语从句修饰 become,从句中省略了they are。
3.翻译——(英→汉)
参考译文1:
然而/但是,已经发现尽管是那些起初对某种气味不敏感的人,如果要是在其中暴露足够频繁的话,也可以突然变得对其敏感。
参考译文 2:
但是,已经发现:如果那些起初对某种气味不敏感的人要是暴露在其中足够频繁的话,也可以突然变得对其敏感。
4.反翻译——(汉→英)
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